A Blue River Odyssey

I

His truck broken down in Blue River, British Columbia, Charlie had decided to walk over to the Husky, a few minutes through the little town, to get himself a little supper on a Saturday night. Ron pulled into the parking lot and jumped out of his vehicle saying “Hey, Charlie, listen: Norma’s got some frozen hamburger patties in the freezer left over from her sixtieth birthday party a couple of weeks ago. We’re just going to cook ‘em up. You interested in joining us?”

“We-e-e-ell, what else have I got going?  Sure I’ll join you.”

Ron pulled out a propane tank to fill up but the folks at the Husky said “Sorry, the only fella that can fill up that tank isn’t here right now and we don’t know where he is so sorry we can’t fill your tank.”

Ron borrowed the station phone to call over to Norma asking if she had some propane.  She said she had a tank that’s probably about half full but it’s been about 8 to 10 years since she’s refilled it. Charlie and Ron thought “okay let’s give it a whirl.”

They went back to Norma’s place got her propane tank and brought it back to the tattoo parlour (“Hollywood and Main”) where Charlie had parked his holiday trailer.  They hooked the tank up to Ron’s barbecue and the old propane just couldn’t keep a flame going.  After a few tries, Charlie said “Hey, Ron: I’ve got a propane tank — a full tank in my trailer. Let me go and unhook it and I’ll bring it over here so we can get these burgers cooked.”  After they sparked it up it made a  great flame and they barbecued the burgers. A few beers later, at about eight or nine o’clock Barb, the waitress from the Husky came by and showed off a few of her tattoos and, as the summer light dimmed in the sky and the streetlights came on in the little town, Charlie sat back, his legs crossed beneath him, and told the story of how he came to be eating a burger in Blue River. . . .

II

“Are we stopping for gas?” Céline asked.

About a minute earlier I had noticed with worry a slight hesitation from our truck as we drove north on the Yellowhead Highway an hour or so out of Kamloops.  “The engine’s stopped working” and with it power steering and power brakes.  I armstrong steered our truck and trailer into the only apparent refuge, the Husky station half a mile ahead on the Highway next to Blue River,  population 260 – not one of those 260 a professional mechanic.

When the engine quit we were going about eighty km/h which gave the truck and the trailer enough momentum to pull slowly onto the service road and even more slowly up to the gas pumps.  Céline was still concerned, of course, and continued asking what was wrong.

“We’re having some truck problems and we’re going to have to deal with it,” I told her, although I didn’t quite know what we had to deal with or how.  I got out of the truck, popped the hood and looked into the engine compartment just like any guy would do, whether or not he knew what to look at.

I didn’t.

III

After a minute or two of watching this motionless lump of metal, I went into the service station side of the Husky and asked the attendant in her little booth beside the door whether there was a mechanic at the station.  She looked at me strangely and didn’t say a word.

“Uh oh”, I thought.

“Look, is there a mechanic in this town?”

She gave me the same look and shook her head from side to side.  “No.  We don’t have a mechanic in this town.  But there’s a fella with a tow truck.”

“Okay.  Can we call him?”

While she called the fella with the tow truck, I went back outside where Céline waited in our truck, the hood still up.  A trucker was looking over at our truck.  He called over “What seems to be the problem?”

“We stalled coming into town.  No lights came on on the dashboard.  It just seems like the engine’s getting no fuel.  It’s turning over but not catching.”

“Hey I’ve heard of that sort of thing happening,” the trucker said.  “Lots of times it’s the fuel pump.  These days they put the fuel pump inside the gas tank so if you just hit on your gas tank sometimes it’s enough to jar that fuel pump to get going again.”

So, feeling excited, we tried hitting the fuel tank a few times and it worked!  The truck started!

It ran for about ten seconds and then stalled again.  It would take a lot of banging on the gas tank to get home to Edmonton.

IV

Our family of five had spent a holiday in British Columbia, mostly on Saltspring Island (where some tremendous cheese is made).  Early on our way home to Edmonton we had stopped at the Abbotsford airport so my son Alain and his mother Nicole could catch a flight home.  Alain was due to go to Air Cadet camp so we had planned all along for the two of them to take the fast way home.  By the Thursday morning at the Abbotsford airport, my youngest daughter Dominique had been sick for a couple of days so we decided to send her home by air as well.  Céline and I were left to travel on our own back to Edmonton with our truck and trailer, expecting  to be home a day later than the rest of the family.  The two of us continued on eastward and made it nearly as far as Kamloops that Thursday night.  The trip thus far was a rather uneventful Coquihalla drive.  We set up our trailer for the night in a spot at Lac le Jeune Provincial Park campground just south of Kamloops. It was a nice, quiet spot much like it must have been fifty years ago when there was probably not much more than a fishing lodge.  Some good stories around that lake if the loons could talk.

On Friday morning we got up to a beautiful day if somewhat overcast.  We went into Kamloops, filled the gas tank and got a little bit of breakfast.  Then we continued north on the Yellowhead Highway along the North Branch of the Thompson River.  Earlier in the year we had gone to the Sunpeaks Ski Resort to do some skiing; we thought it would be nice to see it without snow, so we took a little side trip.  We took a few pictures despite being caught in the rain and then came back down to the highway to continue northward through Clearwater, population many thousands, maybe a whole lot of them professional mechanics.

V

The fella with the tow truck – Paul is his name, I think – showed up and I explained situation. Paul’s first suggestion was “hit that gas tank with something.” So he comes out of his truck with a rubber mallet and hits the fuel tank a couple of times.  Sure enough we got the truck going again.  A little bit.  Until it stalled after half a minute.

Paul looked at my truck and asked what size the engine was.  I told him and he said, looking a little hopeful “I just bought a fuel pump for my brother’s truck that’s got the same engine and looks like the same kinda gas tank and we ended up not using it because the problem with his truck was something else so I’ve got this brand new fuel pump still in a box – I think it might work in your truck.”

I thought (ignoring for a moment the facts that I was broken down in Blue River and rain had started falling)  “Wow, this looks like my lucky day!  What a stroke of luck that somebody in this little town of 150 people has a brand new fuel pump.”  He convinced me to bring the truck to his backyard workshop.  After a few attempts of starting the truck and stalling and starting it again we finally got I through town to his shop, which was next to the Hollywood and Main Tattoo Parlour.  He’d set up a little shop under a lean-to roof between two steel sea cans.   As well as driving the town’s only tow truck, Paul is a bit of a backyard mechanic, as is his friend and neighbour, Ron.  I was counting on these two fellas to get us back on the road again.

Around noon Céline and I unhooked the holiday trailer in Paul’s front yard and then we got the truck out of the rain underneath the lean-to.   Ron lamented the state of his equipment as we jacked up the truck: a bear had come through his shop the other night, scattering tools and making a mess.  In spite of the reorganized tool kit,  Ron and Paul worked on removing the fuel tank.  After about three hours the gas tank dropped out and they had a look at the faulty fuel pump.  At about four o’clock in the afternoon we knew we’d have to order a part: Paul’s spare wasn’t going to fit.

Paul got on the telephone and managed to find one parts store with one matching fuel pump in stock – in Kamloops, about two and a half hours away, where we’d had breakfast that morning.  “Great,” I thought, “let’s order that fuel pump!”

Unfortunately Paul did not have an account with the Kamloops parts shop, but he said he could put it onto the account of a friend of his in Clearwater.  The thing would arrive on a Greyhound bus as it’s doing its milk run from Kamloops to Edmonton.  The next Greyhound would be coming through Blue River at about two in the morning: when we got up next morning we would have our part.  “Okay,” we thought “fine. Let’s do that.”

They wouldn’t accept a credit card over the phone.

We had to get money to Kamloops somehow and this fuel pump up to Blue River.

Somehow.

By now it was about supper time on Friday afternoon. Céline has been very patient this whole time.  “Let’s just go eat at the restaurant at the Husky station.”  Over dinner we came to the realization that we were stuck in Blue River for the night.

The holiday trailer we were pulling is a hybrid type.  On the road it looks like a normal boxy holiday trailer, but in camp the ends open up like a tent railer making extra sleeping space.  Having heard there was at least one bear in the area, we decided to leave the ends closed and sleep a little more securely on the drop-down dining table.  So, Friday night was supper at the Husky and cards until nine or ten and then sleep.  The front lawn of Hollywood and Main Tattoo Parlour in Blue River is about a hundred yards from the Canadian National main line.  It seemed like every hour through that night a long freight would pass, blowing its whistle all the way.

VI

Saturday morning when we got up was still overcast so I thought I’d take a walk over to the Husky, which is about  ten minutes from where we were, to check on our package.   I got to the gas station and asked the attendant if the Greyhound had come through during the night and dropped off packages, she said “Yeah.”

I said “is there a package there for Paul?”

She kinda shook her head.

“How about Ron?”

She shook her head again and I looked at the packages that were there and there was nothing that would resemble our fuel pump.

I wandered back to our trailer and waited for the locals to get up.  About ten o’clock Ron came out of this old blue school bus that was parked out behind the shed.  I asked him if that was his office or his little shop and he said, no, he lived in that bus.  I let Ron know that our package had not arrived and he just sort of shrugged and said “Maybe it will be on the next Greyhound”  which would be coming through Blue River about three in the afternoon.  I asked whether we could call and make sure the package was going to be on the bus.  He didn’t really answer, just saying the package “would get here when it got here”.

VII

I was feeling a little frustrated.

I just walked back to the trailer and played cards with Céline for a while longer.  Then we decided to go for a little walk out to the tracks maybe to place a coin or two on the rail and wait for the next train to come along and flatten it as a little souvenir.  As we’re hanging around the dusty rail line I said to Céline “Hey, come take a look down the tracks over there,” and about two hundred yards away a big black bear was wandering around on the tracks.

While it was an exciting sight, Céline was a little concerned, saying “well, we can’t walk any closer to it!”

I said “Look we’re right in front of the old general store.  If the bear comes wandering or charging towards us we can just go inside the store.”  So we watched the bear for a while.  He was eating grain off the tracks from all the rail cars that spill some of their load. We watched the bear for about twenty minutes and he wasn’t really moving much – just nibbling on the grain, and he just lay there for a while so we decided to move on.

We walked north along the tracks, away from town.  The local baseball diamond was on our left, between us and the lake.  A ball and a couple of gloves would have been helpful for passing the time.  We turned away from the tracks and strolled along the east and north shores of the little lake, stopping to explore a little log cabin resort we found.  It was pretty much empty at this season.  As we walked back toward town on the west shore, I thought that if this package didn’t arrive on the 3 o’clock Greyhound we’d have to get Céline home somehow.  When we got back to the trailer, I asked her to pack a bag and explained to her that one way or another if we didn’t have our part “you’re going to be home Saturday night”. Either we have the part and we get the truck fixed and we’re driving home or she’s getting on that bus.

VIII

About two o’clock I offered to buy Ron a piece of pie and an ice cream at the Husky and we’d wait together for the Greyhound.  Céline had her bag packed and came with us.  Just like clockwork the bus showed up about three o’clock. The bus driver comes out of the bus into the gas station with a couple of packages — neither one for us.  We asked him if there were any more packages and he replied that no, “that’s it.”

Disappointed that our package hadn’t come in we went back into the Husky and I bought Céline a Greyhound bus ticket to Edmonton.  She was rather excited about this new adventure.  The bus would be leaving about three thirty and arriving in Edmonton roughly eight hours later.   Céline said she had all kinds of snacks and drinks in her bag and she wouldn’t really need anything more so I told her that the bus would likely make a few stops along the way and I explained to her very clearly: “Do Not Get Off the Bus at any of these stops.  Very important, don’t get off the bus.”  I expect she figured that by getting off the bus there was the chance that she might not get back onto it in time but I was more concerned that you just don’t know what sort of people are going to be at these stops along the way.  But I didn’t scare her with that.  Very apprehensively,  I put her on the bus and gave her a big hug and a kiss and said “I’ll see you soon, I’m not sure exactly when but it’ll be soon.  I’ll call mom and let her know you’re on the way.”

IX

There was no cell phone service in Blue River.  For about a hundred kilometres in each side of the town the North Thompson River Valley was a cell phone dead zone.  I had to be making collect phone calls from the little outdoor payphone in front of the general store and I had to time my calls to fit  between the trains.  Trying to talk on that phone while a freight was going by was impossible.

After having watched  Céline leave on the Greyhound, Ron and I went to Paul’s house.  We said to Paul, “Hey, listen our part didn’t come in.  Do you think we can make a phone call to find out where it is?”     Again he just nonchalantly shrugged his shoulders and said “Well you know the part might come in Monday or Tuesday now, you know, being that it’s Saturday afternoon.”   I tried to explain to him that nobody seemed to be feeling any sense of urgency about trying to find this part.  Here I was stuck in this little town with no idea how long I was going to be cooling my heels.  I had no way of getting around as my truck was out of commission.  I had no cell phone service.  I was totally dependent on these locals that I had met.

Paul’s wife Pam was busy preparing supper in their modest little house full of cats and dogs and stuff.  With no room to sit down, I just stood in the doorway watching all the activity.  In the middle of it all sat their friend Norma and she seemed to be to only one sensing my worry and urgency.  Norma pipe up and said “Listen, I’ll make a few calls.”  So, between her and Paul they found out that the fuel pump hadn’t left Kamloops and was still sitting in the parts store.  It was a bit of a relief to know where the part was, but we still had no idea how we were going to get it.

Norma came up with the idea of phoning a friend of hers in Kamloops.  By this time it’s about five o’clock Saturday afternoon. The parts store closes at six so even if we had left at that moment we could not have made it in time to pick up this part.  Norma got on the phone to her friend Dave in Kamloops but there was some sort of  problem with the line.  She said “lets just go to my place and use my phone, it works better.” Hey, I’m not going anywhere, so I got a ride with Norma to her place.  Norma apologized for the mess her house is in saying she’s doing renovations.  She took a chair and knocked off all the stuff that was on it, offering it to me.  I sat down and she called her friend in Kamloops.

X

“Dave listen can you do me a big favour here? We’re in a bit of a pickle here we need to get a part from this parts store in Kamloops and it’s $400 and I know it’s a lot of money but can you just go and buy it and we’ll be there later in the evening and we’ll pay you the $400 plus a little bit extra for your trouble and we really need this favour . . .”

Her friend Dave was very hesitant asking “well who is this guy we’re doing it for?  How do we know him? How can we trust him?”

And Norma’s looking at me and says “oh well he looks like a regular guy you know just a regular guy he looks okay you know he kinda looks like a lawyer.”

I tell Norma “Don’t tell your friend I look like a lawyer!”  This fella was quite hesitant about doing us a favour.  You can’t really blame him cause he didn’t know me and for that matter neither did Norma. And Dave mentioned that the parts store was open on Sundays which we hadn’t expected.

We thought “well that’s great!”  We hung up and called the parts place. Sure enough it was open on Sunday at nine o’clock.  We thought “okay there’s our plan. We’ll drive out there tomorrow, Sunday morning.”

At about 5:30 Saturday evening, after a few minutes of chatting and a beer in Paul’s driveway, everyone went off in their own directions.  I decided to walk over to the Husky for a little dinner, but as I arrived, Ron pulled into the parking lot, jumped out of his truck and said “Hey, Charlie, listen . . . Norma’s got some frozen hamburger patties in the freezer left over from her sixtieth birthday party a couple of weeks ago.  You want to join us for a barbecue?”

XI

“So that” Charlie concluded, sipping is Carlesburg, “Is how I came to be eating burgers and drinking beer in front of the Hollywood and Main tattoo parlour in Blue River, British Columbia.”

The conversation turned to tattoos and Barb got up to  proudly show off the tattoo Scotty, who ran the tattoo parlour, had done for her.  She just had to tug down on the waistband of her pants a bit and turned around to show it to everyone.  Charlie said “Oh.  Well, that’s – that’s interesting.” Then of course she had to show another one.  Barb pulled the shoulder down on her shirt and Charlie thought “Okay that’s enough for me. They’re nice tattoos.”

A few more beers and it was close to eleven o’clock.  Charlie announced “Okay guys, listen, it’s an hour later for me than it is for you guys so I’m going to get to bed and I’ll see you in the morning.” Norma had earlier offered to get up at seven or seven thirty to drive Charlie to Kamloops.  Charlie thought “well that’s a great offer but seeing how many beers Norma had she’s probably not going to be getting up at seven or seven thirty but I’m not going to complain she’s offering me a ride.  I’ll take it. It doesn’t matter what time.”

Charlie retired into his trailer for the evening.  He didn’t hear the bear snuffling right outside or Ron’s dogs barking at the bear or the sound of  pebbles bouncing off the bear’s head as Ron took aim with his slingshot outside his little blue school bus home.   The bear ambled off.  Ron and the dogs went back to the bus.  And Charlie slept on on the dining room table.

XII

I stand outside the gas station while dad buys the bus ticket.

I put my bags in the baggage compartment and say “bye” to dad.

Dad says “Do Not get off the bus!”

I get on a half empty bus and sit on the window seat on the left side of the bus.

We leave Blue River. I’m listening to my ipod

An hour later, I call my mom from Valemont.  Still on the bus with my cell phone.

After that I watch the kilometres go by.

In Jasper, the bus makes a stop.  An old lady comes to my seat and says “Hi.”

She said “Hi, how are you? Where are you from?”

I say “Edmonton.

She responds “Ohhhh, Edmonton.  That’s such a big place.  I don’t know how you can live in such a big place.”

I sort of laugh and end the conversation.

Before we leave Jasper, I switch seats.  I sit in the window seat on the right side of the bus.

Left Jasper.  Stopped in Hinton.  The old lady got off the bus there.

Left Hinton.  Stopped in Edson.

Starting to get dark.

Starting to feel sick.

It was pitch black outside and really feeling sick now.

Stopped in Spruce Grove.  A Crying Teenager came on the bus.  It’s about 11:00 pm.

Arrived in Edmonton City Centre Depot at 11:45 pm.  Got my bags, found my mom and left, in pain, right away.

Got home and went to bed late.

XIII

Charlie got up about seven o’clock on Sunday morning to blue sky and sunshine.

“It looks like a good day,” he thought.

He wandered over to the general store to make a call to Nicole, both to let her know what was going on and to find out that Céline had made it home safe and sound.  After having explained to Nicole that they were going to drive into Kamloops to go get the part, he walked back to the trailer and sat on the step watching Norma’s house.  And her car.  Small town. Shortly after seven-thirty he saw Norma coming out of her house, getting into her car and driving on over.

“Wow,” he thought, “this is great!  7:30!  This has turned out good, so far.”  Norma was perky, looked great and was ready to go.  They stopped at the Husky for coffee and as they headed into the building, Norma found a penny on the ground.

“Oh, lucky penny!” she said and she rubbed that penny and stuck it in her pocket.

They got their coffee and Charlie offered to buy some fuel for the car but Norma said “you know, let’s just buy it in the next town cause it’s cheaper.”

“Okay, she’s the boss, she’s driving,” thought Charlie.

Away they went, driving 140 kilometres an hour down highway 5 to the next town.  About ten minutes away from Clearwater Norma told Charlie, “Jeez, I don’t know if we’re gonna make it.  Gas is getting really low here in the tank.”  They just made it into town at about 8:30 on a Sunday morning in a very small town with only one gas station.

“I sure hope this place is open,” Charlie said as they pulled up to the pumps. They got lucky. Norma’s claimed it was her penny that helped them out this far and  she was rubbing that penny.  So they filled up, Charlie paid and away they went.

XIV

Heading on down towards Kamloops, nothing stopping them now!  They had a full tank of gas and were going anywhere between 120 and 125. As they were approaching Kamloops the road became two lanes in each direction and they were easily able to pass  people.  About ten miles north of Kamloops Norma passed one vehicle that was going a little bit slower and then there was another vehicle ahead of them in the left lane.  If they were to pass this fellow, it would be on the right.  As they approached this car Charlie noticed it was a Crown Victoria with tinted windows.   Charlie was watching this car as they approached him on the right side going about 125.   As they  pass he realized it was a police car with two Mounties inside.

“Hey Norma, you know what, you just blew right by a police car.”

“Really?!”

“Yeah, yeah.”

She looked in her mirrors and the flashing lights came on.  Norma slowed right down and as luck would have it the Mounties had the radar on but they were catching speeders going in the other direction.  The flashing lights pulled a u-turn and started chasing somebody northbound.  Norma pulled out that lucky penny again and she started rubbing it, just thrilled and impressed with herself and with this penny.

XV

Charlie was just happy to be in Kamloops.

They found the parts store with no problem.   At about ten o’clock Sunday morning they got to the counter and the fella said “Yeah we got this part here waiting for you.”   They opened up the box and compared the new pump to the one Charlie had brought with them from Blue River.  Convinced that it is the same part Charlie did a little happy dance as he went to the cashier to pay the $400.  He was half way to having a vehicle again.

But Norma had more plans for Kamloops. She wanted to go to a place called “Surplus Herbie’s”, a discount store that sells new and used items.  In this store Norma had seen some time earlier a natural gas stove that was for sale. It was quite the bargain: a $2200 stove that dropped in price every week or so by ten percent.   Now it was down to 600 and some odd dollars and Norma was quite happy no one had bought it yet.  She grabbed one of the sales clerks and said “Listen, I want to buy this stove!”   With the taxes and all it worked out to $777 and change.  Norma figured this was an omen. She said “Wow! Seven seven seven.  Those are great numbers!”  Out came that lucky penny!  She rubbed it a bit and then she pulled out her credit card.  “Oh my gosh! I sure hope I have room on the credit card!”

When the approval came through, Norma did her own happy dance.  The stove was far too big to fit into her little 1990 Chevy Celebrity station wagon but she said she would find a friend with a truck to pick it up later in the week. They got back into her car and were  heading north through Kamloops when Norma said that she was really hungry.  “I can’t make it back to Blue River without having something to eat!”

“Listen” said Charlie, “you pick a place and I’ll buy you lunch.”

XVI

On the north edge of Kamloops Norma pulled into a pub and said “Yeah, this is a great spot! We’ll have lunch here.”

“Who am I to complain?” thought Charlie.

Norma  ordered a soup and a sandwich and a pint of beer.  To make her feel good Charlie ordered an omelette and a glass of beer as well.  After about an hour they were done their lunch and some beer.  Charlie thought it good to be finished a nice lunch by high noon.

Outside the pub they were about to get into the car again but right next door is a little liquor store.  “What kinda beer  you like, Charlie? Carlsberg?”

“Well, you know Norma, I’m not gonna be drinking beer in the car”

So Norma walked into the liquor store and came out a minute later with a six pack of Pilsner.  She got into the car,  cracked a beer and put the car in drive and away they went.

XVII

Norma had the idea of driving on the west side of the Thompson river out of Kamloops, intending to take the ferry across about twenty miles north, and from there back to Highway 5.  Charlie saw no harm in this plan.  At about 12:30 they got to the ferry crossing were a sign told them to honk their horn if the ferryman was on the other side of the river.

So, they honked.  They could see the ferryman sitting on the ferry on the other side, but he was not moving.  So they honked the horn again.  Still no movement.   Back to the sign:  at the bottom it reads “hours of operation: 7am-noon and then 1pm till 7″.  12:30.  Charlie thinks: “alright we’re going to lose another half hour here.”

They waited with various degrees of patience – Norma cracked another beer – for the ferryman to finish his lunch break.   At one, like clockwork the fellow gets up, uncrosses his arms and lets the truck on the far side come onto his ferry.  He slowly comes across and a few minutes later it’s their turn.  Another ten minutes to get across and it’s almost 1:30, and finally back on the number 5 northbound.   Charlie is thinking “okay lets go!  We got another three hours before we get to Blue River.”

XVIII

As they approached Blackpool, a village just south of Clearwater,  traffic on the highway came to a dead stop at a big sign on the side of the road saying “accident scene ahead”.  The flag person at the front was speaking to everybody, one vehicle at a time, and most of the vehicles were pulling a u-turn or pulling into the truck stop but they were not continuing on.  Finally, when Norma and Charlie had made their way to the front of the line the flag person asked how far they were going. Norma pipes up “Oh, we’re only going as far as Clearwater!”

The flagperson says “The accident is on the north side of Clearwater so you guys should be okay.  You guys go ahead.”  So off they went not knowing what was involved in the accident. They thought that by the time they got to Clearwater an hour later the accident scene might be cleared up or their luck could hold and they might talk their way around another flagman.  Out came that lucky penny, Norma rubbing it as she drove.

XIX

Norma pulled into the grocery store in Clearwater,  explaining that they had to buy some one percent milk for Pam.  Rumour was there was no more one percent milk in Blue River so Charlie offered to buy two gallons of milk.  In the store they asked the manager what he knew about the accident on the north side of town.  “All I know is it was a pretty serious accident.  There was a tanker truck involved – flipped over – completely blocking the highway and whatever he’s got he’s got a toxic load on board and some of his load was leaking.”

They got back on the highway and the traffic was at a standstill again.  Norma says “Hey there’s this other road that kinda follows the river and it comes back out and maybe it’ll come back up to highway 5 past the accident scene.”

They went into the little town and worked their way around to come back up onto the highway.   The accident was still ahead of them.  Here there was another flagperson at another barricade and another explanation  that  nobody was getting through.  The highway was completely closed for anywhere between eight and twenty-four hours.  This final roadblock at Clearwater was the low point of Charlie’s discouragement.  They had no choice but to turn around.

XX

So, they turned around.

There was a fella in a half-ton truck right behind them and through their rolled down windows they heard the fella yell “Hey Norma!  You got lots of gas?”

Norma looked at her fuel gauge and called back “Yeah, about three quarters of a tank.”

The fella explained “Look, I know a way around this thing. It’s an old abandoned forestry trunk road but I know the road and we can get through on it but it’s going to take us about two and a half hours of driving on this road.”

With limited options, Charlie and Norma decided to follow the fella in the truck.

They drove off the paved highway onto a gravel road which was not too bad for the first mile or two but quickly deteriorated to nothing more than a goat trail.  The fella was right when he said it was an abandoned forestry trunk road: the trees had overgrown this thing; the branches were actually hitting both sides of the vehicles.  This fella in front of them had a brand new GMC pickup that was getting somewhat scratched up from all the branches.  And there were rocks on the road the size of basketballs. They bottomed out a few times and the road became nothing more than an overgrown trail.  Small trees had fallen across the way and they had to drive over them hoping they didn’t come across a big fallen tree or punch a hole in an oil pan.  Even turning around on the narrow trail would be nearly impossible.  Trying to get passed oncoming traffic was also a worry.

XXI

The road had some pretty steep grades.  About an hour into the ride they had to climb over a mountain to get into the Raft River valley, which was at least equally as hilly.  As they were climbing up the ridge, Charlie was saying to Norma “Man, I sure hope this guy knows where he’s going cause we’re so far off the main highway and we don’t have cell service and if something were to happen we’d be screwed.”   Just then,  the temperature light came on on Norma’s dashboard.  Charlie said “Hey,  Norma,  does that come on very often?”

Norma had a very worried look on her face. “No.  It’s never come on before.  This isn’t good, Charlie.’

They had to stop to let the engine cool.  The fella leading them saw they had stopped and stopped as well.  They chatted for about twenty minutes while the engine cooled off a bit and then made another go of it.  After five minutes the temperature light came on again.  Norma suddenly came up with a good – or at least, effective idea.   She turned on the car heater and fan full blast so it might take heat off the radiator and the engine.  The temperature light went out.  The engine was still warm but the light went out.  And it was hot enough inside the car to bake bread.  It felt like two hundred degrees inside the car and they we’re being  beaten by branches through the open windows. Charlie was reaching out the window regularly to remove broken branches from the windshield.

XXII

Three hours after they started on the detour,  they made it back to the main highway, six miles south of Blue River, refreshed after their bumpy sauna.  Soon the Mounties closed the forestry trunk road as other people were trying to use it. People could see the road on a GPS unit but the unit would not show what kind of road it really was.  Charlie and Norma and their guide were fortunate to get through before the Mounties clapped it closed at both ends.

Lucky penny.

Sunday evening about 5 o’clock they pulled into Paul’s driveway. Pam came running out and said “Oh my Gosh!  I didn’t expect to see you guys until tomorrow.   Did you know the highway’s closed?”

They said, “Yeah we kinda figured that,”  and briefly told her the story of their journey.

XXIII

Although it was dinner time on Sunday evening, Paul and Ron were kind enough to drop whatever they were doing and start working on installing the new fuel pump.  With everything back together again by about eight o’clock, Charlie put the key in the ignition, hoping and praying the engine would start.  The engine turned over but was not catching, not firing up,  not starting. Ron and Paul found a few choice words: “how come this f’n thing isn’t going and blah blah blah” The disappointment was crushing for Charlie.

He walked over to the old general store next to the railway tracks to make another collect call to Nicole, letting her know that he was not coming home tonight.  After his call he walked back toward the tattoo parlour and there was Norma,  driving her car toward him and calling out “Hey, listen!  Ron got your truck going, he took out that rubber mallet and just kinda beat on your fuel tank again and it was enough to jolt that fuel pump that new pump and it’s going it’s running.”

XXIV

Charlie took his truck out for a little test drive to make sure it wasn’t just a temporary fix.  It seemed to be working fine.  By now it was almost 10 o’clock on Sunday evening, the town was full of people because of the highway closure and every hotel room was booked up, the campground was full.  Charlie’s trailer was still parked in front of the tattoo parlour, so he could have stayed another night.  But he just wanted to get home.  After paying the good folks of Blue River for their labour and thanking them for their time and for their hospitality, Charlie hooked up the trailer and was heading north on Highway Five.

Passing through Jasper around 1:30 in the morning Charlie just could not keep his eyes open any longer.  He pulled over to the side of the highway, crawled into the trailer and slept until about six in the morning.  In dawn light, still in Jasper National Park, Charlie passed a great big moose and a little later he could see something on the road in the distance.  He slowed down to about twenty km per hour as he got closer and saw it was a wolf about twice the size of a German Shepherd, watching. Charlie looked at the wolf and the wolf looked at Charlie.  Charlie kept on going, stopping at Tim Hortons in Hinton for a donut and coffee.  He called Nicole about ten thirty saying that he was within an hour of being home.  Nicole  was relieved the moment she saw the call display on the phone showing Charlie’s cell phone number instead of the  Blue River payphone.

Charlie arrived home from a quite unexpected adventure in time for lunch on Monday, and then a nice afternoon nap.

Hesiod’s Theogony (and The Works and Days) Translated by C.S. Morrissey

Hesiod is a poet whom I have kept close by me from my undergraduate days thirty-some years ago.  I confess, my Greek is little better than Shakespeare’s as described by Jonson, but  my copy of Lattimore’s translation is filled with notes on scraps of paper and in the margins from university seminars and my own reading, and my dear Loeb volume 57 is in a similar state.  And, I can find my way around Liddell & Scott.

When I heard the news that there was a new translation of Hesiod — a Canadian translation, of all things — I was understandably excited.  C.S. Morrissey’s new translation of (part of) Hesiod’s Theogony and Works and (grudgingly) Days from Talon Books is a very pretty thing to look at.  The cover illustration by Daniel Mackie I found very fetching, in a sort of 1969 psychedelic science-fiction cover meets Diego Rivera way.  Perhaps I should have hesitated when I read in the About the Translator bit that Morrissey is a professor who specializes in philosophical theology at a Catholic college and that he has focused on the monotheistic speculations of Hesiod, et.al.  But, a professional cricket commentator is perfectly entitled to write a treatise on carpentry.  And Morrissey’s Translator’s Note is quite encouraging, almost pagan, in its apparent devotion to the Muses and to Hesiod.

As I read Morrissey’s Theogony, however, I began to have some misgivings.  The verse is fairly unobtrusive and fairly formless, perhaps a reflection of the Chaos out of which the Theogony grows, or, more likely, in keeping with modern poetic fashion.  Morrissey’s decision, however, to eschew footnotes or endnotes in favour of sticking parenthetical words or names into the middle (and beginning [and end]) of lines makes for a very distracting read, far more distracting than would footnotes have been.  I remain unsure whether one is meant to read the parenthetical bits as parenthetical bits or as a part of the verse itself. Metrics are, of course, of little help.

But Morrissey does a workmanlike job of rendering the Greek into coloquial English for the most part, which is a positive achievement.  There are some phrases that don’t work or fall flat –Miss Congenitalia didn’t work for me and Morrissey himself acknowledges the laxatives and toilet paper anachronism.  But on the whole Morrissey’s Theogony flows.  The consonance of “He was shepherding sheep on sacred Helicon” is very nice, in fact, as are the archaic repetitions Morrissey retains in the castration scene.

All well and good for a reader with no Greek, but, as I mentioned, I have a little, and that little has given me trouble with certain decisions Morrissey has made, decisions which I think, make this Morrissey’s , not Hesiod’s Theogony.  Perhaps the most obvious is Morrissey’s decision to translate Zeus’ formulaic epithet, which is literally “Father of gods and likewise of men” with the odd phrase “Zeusfather of gods and husbands”. Repeatedly. With slight variation.  Certainly, the Greek word could have the secondary meaning “husband” just as “man” in English can be used in the admonition “Stand by your man”, but why impose the secondary meaning on the reader when the word in English with the same primary meaning has the same secondary meaning?  Please, Mr. Morrissey, allow your readers the liberty to make their own choice.

Another detail which made me uncomfortable was Morrissey’s choice of chapter and section headings.  For example, he titles a description of Zeus and the Muses as “The Holy Family” which, even without knowing the translator’s affiliation, has connotations not wholly appropriate to the religious world of pre-classic Greece.  I couldn’t help but feel that Morrissey was somehow trying to force a link between Hesiod and Psalm 85 or even making the suggestion that the Muses were somehow equivalent to or embodiments of Christ.

But what was perhaps a most obscure but to me most disturbing detail of Morrissey’s translation, even more disturbing than his decision to leave out the last hundred plus lines of the poem without notice of any sort, is the translator’s treatment of Gaia, the divine Earth.  In two particular places Morrissey has treated Her very poorly.  The first is on p. 34 where Morrissey writes:

Previously, these weapons had been locked away
in the vast Earth, inside Tartarus.

These “weapons” are the thunderbolts, etc. which are to be the tools by which Zeus will rule over the other gods and over men.  But Morrissey has done something nasty to the Earth here.  As well as adding “Tartarus” which is not in the text, Morrissey changes the grammar of the passage.  Hesiod does not say that the weapons had been locked away in Gaia; Hesiod says “Gaia [herself] had hidden them”! By changing Gaia from the subject of the sentence to the object of a prepositional phrase, Morrissey has taken away Her agency!  Gaia has gone from being an active participant, in fact, an instigator of the action which gives Zeus his power, to being the passive “vast Earth”, into which Zeus’ weapons have been thrust for safe keeping.

Later on page 58,  Hesiod’s description of Gaia as suggesting, even urging that the gods take Zeus as king is reduced by Morrissey to a parenthetical “(even shrewd Earth agreed)”.  Again Morrissey has reduced the importance of this female character whom Hesiod has made fundamental.

On the same page, Morrissey pumps up Zeus by suggesting that his actions are merely “inspired” by Gaia and Ouranus while Hesiod writes that Gaia and Ouranus suggest or advise the actions.  Active agency is again removed from Gaia (and Ouranus).

What is Morrissey doing here?  Why this effort to inflate Zeus’ importance while trying hard to deflate Gaia?

Coincidentally, just as I was reading Morrissey’s Theogony, Dr. Henry Morgentaler died, and a little piece was published in the Globe and Mail under the byline “C.S. Morrissey”.  In that piece, Morrissey lays out his opinion of Dr. Morgentaler’s legacy and the effect of current (lack of) abortion laws on civil liberties in Canada.  Rather frighteningly, Morrissey gets through this entire piece about abortion and abortion rights without ever once using the word “woman”. Or “women”. Or “Mother.”

Somehow I smell an agenda.  The Theogony is all about the control of fertility. First Ouranos tries to control Gaia’s fertility and fails, and at the end that Morrissey imposes on the poem, Zeus tries to control Metis’ fertility (by swallowing her) and also fails.

Morrissey ends, as I said, by leaving out over a hundred lines of Hesiod’s verse, with no note to the reader that he has done so.  And he ends with the tastles, unHesiodic and sort of meaningless quip that Metis is “the ultimate insider”.

I’ve not yet finished Morrissey’s translation of  The Works (and Days) but I notice he starts right off with another “Zeusfather of gods and husbands”.  Furthermore, Morrissey inserts into the creation of Pandora story near the beginning of The Works and Days the doubly anachronistic phrase “chemical blueprint”.  I find this phrase suspiciously parallel to Morrissey’s use (in his abortion opinion piece) of Pope Francis’ statement that at conception, the zygote “has all the genetic code of a human being”. (So does a bone marrow stem cell or a hair follicle, for that matter, but I’m not here to argue the ethics of bone marrow transplants, eyebrow plucking or even abortion.) Into one piece Morrissey inserts “genetic code” at conception; into the other he inserts “chemical blueprint” at the creation of Pandora, molded of Earth.  Morrissey is trying to get a message across here, and that message is not in Hesiod’s Greek. Disappointing.

C.S. Morrissey’s translation of (part of) Hesiod’s Theogony and The Works and Days is published by Talon Books.

______________________

A quick update now that I’m well into the Pandora section of The Works and Days.  I’ve just read a gratuitously misogynistic fabricated expansion of Hesiod’s explanation of Pandora’s name.  For simplicity, I’ll quote Evelyn-White’s century old Loeb translation of the passage:

Also the Guide, the slayer of Argus, contrived within her lies and crafty words and a deceitful nature at the will of loud thundering Zeus, and the Herald of gods put speech in her.  And he called this woman Pandora, because all they who dwelt on Olympus gave each a gift, a plague to men who eat bread.

Okay, Hesiod was no feminist, but look what Morrissey does with  the passage:

But then Hermes, Zeus’ messenger and
the Slayer of Argus the monster, put into her breast
his  cunning character:
wily lies and winning words.
He did this according to the plan of deep-thundering Zeus.
This clever voice that he,
the clever herald of the gods, placed in her,
is the reason why he named this woman
Pandora – the “Gift” for Whom “Anything Goes.”
Also, in her “anything” a god living on Olympus has
was “gifted” by them to us: Pandora
- the “Gift” into Whom “Anything Goes.”
She is why husbands work for food: a pain.

Nice slut-shaming, Professor!

To be honest, I don’t know if I can stomach finishing this “translation”.

We live in the Science Fiction I read as a teen

It’s strange to have artistic time on my hands now that “My Village” is hanging on display and I’ve taken a few pieces to Harcourt House for the annual Members’ Show and Sale.  As I sat minding “My Village” yesterday, I started doodling illustrations for an idea I had a few days ago.  For the past few months I’ve been following the adventure of “Astronaut Abby“, Abigail Harrison, an audacious teenager from Minnesota who intends to be the first person to walk on Mars.  As part of her preparation, Abby has devoted herself to reaching out to other young people to inspire them to pursue studies and careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).  The latest part of that outreach has been a partnership with ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano and a crowdfunded journey to Baikonur Cosmodrome to see Luca’s launch.  On her return, Abby intends to visit schools in person an virtually to give talks and workshops about her experiences and ambitions.  Throughout, this astronautic mission has been powered by social media in its finest manifestation.

I couldn’t help but think as I followed Abby’s exploits, and the exploits of Cmdr. Chris Hadfield, that Abby is, in fact, living in the science fiction I read as a teen. So, I decided to recreate a little piece of Abby’s Golden Age Science Adventure as a bit of doodling.  First I jotted down an opening for a story about a mid-west teen setting out on an adventure to Baikonur, the Space Station, and Mars, trying to catch a bit of the flavour of 1930′s juvenile pulp magazine science fiction.  Then, as I sat minding “My Village” I doodled in a sketchbook.  Here’s the final sketch I made:

sketch

Then I scanned the sketch and did a bit of computer work on it:

Abby second scanAbby third scanAnd finally I juggled the elements around a bit, added the text I’d written, printed the whole thing out on newsprint and scanned the whole thing again:

Abby's Soyuz Adventure

Then I chiriped the product off to Abby at the mighty spaceport of Baikonur Cosmodrome from my handheld teleputer just in time for Luca’s launch to the World’s Space Station.

Now I’m about to watch Abby’s mysterious Italian mentor arrive at his destination in his Soyuz space ship. On one of I don’t know how many computers I have in my house.

It’s science fiction, I tell you!

Update, June 2, 2013 – Astronaut Thomas H. Marshburn (@AstroMarshburn) tweeted at 9:23 PM on Sun, Jun 02, 2013 this bit of Science Fiction Poetry (it even rhymes):

“Perfect morning under gray skies with a light rain & warm wind on my face. I missed life under clouds while in space.”
(https://twitter.com/AstroMarshburn/status/341394697975128064) .

But it’s not Science Fiction! This is a real Spaceman celebrating his return to the Green Hills of Earth!

Tomorrow is here!

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Making connections through The Paston Letters

Last Wednesday I made time to partake of one of my favourite activities: I walked to my local second hand bookshop, The Bookseller, and spent an hour or so browsing unencumbered by companions or rush. As usual, the proprietor, Mr. Prins, had set aside a few hardcover Everyman’s Library Editions and an old blue hardcover Oxford World’s Classic for me to consider.  Unlike most visits, today I had time.  I left the four volumes on the counter, the seed of a number of large stacks I would build as I browsed.  Throughout my visit, Mr. Prins pottered about the store, flitting from the computer on his book-stacked desk, to the shelves and to “the back” where I imagine an infinity of yet-to-be- and never-to-be-catalogued books wait to be brought into the light.

The one volume I had come specifically seeking was H. G. Wells’ little war-time (WWII) anti-Catholic diatribe, Crux Ansata (“Why don’t we bomb Rome” it begins). I had been reading it online, but, as well as finding the digital a completely unsatisfying, indeed, unsettling manner of reading, I knew that I would someday require a real copy for the Wells collection I’ve been building since that day in about 1980 that I stumbled on a copy of Ann Veronica in that bookstore that used to be in Hub Mall on the University of Alberta Campus.  If I remember correctly, that bookstore, since shifted locations a number of times, is now The Edmonton Book Store on Whyte Avenue, in the location that one time was Bjarne’s Books, a shop and proprietor I sadly miss.  Edmonton’s loss — Victoria’s and Cyberspace’s gain.

I went straight to the Fiction section and was at first disappointed by the slimness of the Wells selection.  A few of the usual War of the Worldses and Time Machines. And, there in the middle, a slim little volume bound in dark leather. Crux Ansata! With a large smile on my face I strode back to the counter and plopped my find onto the Everyman Shelley and Langland and the little blue Paston Letters.  Now to some truly unencumbered browsing!

Oh, the treasures I found!

An early edition of the Tolkien/Gordon edition of Sir Gawain; Skeet’s two volume edition of Piers Plowman and Richard the Redeless (I already had one, but this was in better condition. The next day I traded the old one for a copy of  Bentham’s Fragment on Government); a lovely copy of the first edition of Benét’s Reader’s Encyclopedia (in four volumes); Brown’s English Lyrics of the XIIIth Century; a 1959 copy of Vinaver’s Malory; nice old hardcovers of Quirk & Wrenn’s Old English Grammar and Campbell’s venerable volume on the same subject; The Oxford Book of Medieval Verse; nice editions of Ancrene Wisse and The Parlement of Foules . . .

And a copy of Sisam’s edition of 14th Century Verse and Prose, a volume I find oddly common in Edmonton — I have three copies now myself. But this latest copy, unusual in that it still had a (rubbed) dust jacket, had a little surprise for me which made me take a second look at the other books in my stacks. There on the flyleaf was written in small letters in ball-point “Raymond J. S. Grant”.

During my days at the University of Alberta, Dr. Grant was the senior Anglo-Saxonist in the English Department, standing in a venerable line stretching back to R. K. Gordon, a professor at the University’s foundation and, by the way, translator of number 794, Anglo-Saxon Poetry, in Everyman’s Library.

IMAG0733

It was Dr. Grant who surprised me during an undergraduate directed reading of The Seafarer by saying “I think you might have a publication here.”  Because of Dr. Grant, I had my first scholarly publication accepted before I got my Bachelor’s degree.

I have gradually have fallen out of contact with the people of my University days. I regularly return to campus, but it’s a different world with different people now.  Not worse, not better, just different.  I had some sort of memory that Dr. Grant had retired and perhaps gone back to Scotland. As I gathered my thoughts for this piece I found on the University web page that Dr. Grant is, indeed, emeritus, as is my thesis supervisor, L. N. McKill, the man who first taught me Old English.  After I got home from the bookstore I discovered Dr. McKill’s name on the flyleaf of Brown’s English Lyrics of the XIIIth Century.  I held in my hands volumes that had educated my educators. These books had been around me in those offices three decades ago as I puzzled my way through great poetry sadly experienced by only a few.

What I find of extreme interest in second hand books is the little bits of paper one finds tucked into them.  Dr. Grant’s copy of Sisam’s Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose (1959) is undoubtedly a text from his student days.  Tucked into book at the first page of the Introduction are two slips of paper, one laying out the geography of dialects of Middle English with representative authors (information repeated in the facing map) and the other a cryptic, multicoloured graph of English sound changes.

IMAG0735

These are meticulous thoughts-on-paper of a student of a different time, brief glimpses of the learning process in an age of paper, conversation and information hard-won from beautiful, tactile, fragrant objects with their own individual histories — books in a library.

Mr. Prins filled a banker’s box with my selected volumes and agreed to hold the heavy collection for me to pick up later when I’d be out with a vehicle. When I returned two stacks of brick-red hardcovers were on the counter.  “I told you I thought I had a lot of Wells back there!” Mr. Prins announced with a grin.  Indeed, he had brought from “the back” a twelve volume matched set of Wells’ novels ranging from The Time Machine to The Undying Fire.  A fine day’s discovery!

Later Wednesday evening I looked more carefully at the World’s Classics copy of The Paston Letters.  There was no name on the fly leaf.  It seemed an anonymous book with no story to tell outside of its text.  But, tucked in the back was a small blue slip of paper which indicated that this, like some others of the volumes in the box, was a review copy sent out by the publisher in the hope that professors would say nice things about it. On the back of the slip was a hand written note:

Raymond:

pp. 41-72 seem to be missing from this book as also 73 to 104. I suppose that is a whole gathering! Give him hell next time — you might get a real find from them.

Joan

IMAG0734

Sure enough, a gathering is misplaced in the book.  But of far more interest to me is the note. Considering the number of Dr. Grant’s books that had recently come into the Bookseller, I have no doubt that “Raymond” addressed in the book is Dr. Grant. And I am equally certain that “Joan” who wrote the note is Dr. Joan Crowther, a Chaucerian I never met during our shared time at the University.  But I did meet and get to know Dr. Crowther in her retirement as each weekday morning I got her clubs out of storage for her round of golf.  I lost touch with Dr. Crowther after leaving the world of golf just a few years before she left this world.

As I stood looking at that little blue note on Wednesday night I recalled a brief exchange, one of many conversations we shared over clattering golf clubs.  These words came shortly after my reading crossed a very special threshhold:

“Dr. Crowther, do you find that the more you read the more everything seems to connect together?”

Dr. Crowther held her golf bag still and looked at me.

“Oh, yes, John!”

“Mind at the End of Its Tether” by H. G. Wells: a final testament of hope

I’ve just revisited H.G. Wells’ last book (apart from that thing on which he collaborated with Uncle Joe Stalin) Mind at the End of Its Tether, published in November 1945.  I feel I must emphasize at the outset that the title is not A Mind at the End of Its Tether — Wells is explicitly not saying in the title that his own mind is at the end of its tether (although that may have been a fact). No, this little collection of odd essays is about the coming end of “self-conscious existence” as the European intellectual elite had conceived it for centuries and also about the probable (from the late 1945 point of view) obliteration of Life itself:

. . . within a period to be estimated by weeks and months rather than by æons, there has been a fundamental change in conditions under which life, not simply human life but all self-conscious existence, has been going on since its beginning.

I think too often Mind at the End of Its Tether is condemned or dismissed (or praised) as a disjointed (Orwell’s description) wallow in pessimism by an old man disappointed or even heartbroken over the failure of his life-mission as he feels that life winding down to an end he knows to be only days or weeks away.  When I consider another little book Wells published just before Mind at the End of Its Tether, I find the suggestion that Wells had lost hope and given up to be preposterous.  The Happy Turning concludes with an idea very similar to the conclusion of Mind at the End of It’s Tether:

So we found ourselves in agreement that the human mind may be in a phase of transition to a new, fearless, clear-headed way of living in which understanding will be the supreme interest in life, and beauty a mere smile of approval.  So it is at any rate in the Dreamland to which my particular Happy Turning takes me.  There shines a world “beyond good and evil”, and there, in a universe completely conscious of itself, Being achieves its end.

Well!  That’s nothing other than an evolutionary jump!

And how does Mind at the End of Its Tether end?

. . . my own temperament makes it unavoidable for me to doubt, as I have said, that there will not be that small minority which will succeed in seeing life out to its inevitable end.

What? Bloody convoluted British piling up of negatives to confound whether or not one is making a positive statement!  If I parse correctly, Wells is saying that, in fact, he can’t help but think that there *will* be that small successful group which will reach life’s inevitable end.

But what is that end?

I would argue that life’s inevitable end in Wells’ view is an intellectual evolutionary jump to the situation described in The Happy Turning, that world “beyond good and evil”, that “clear-headed way of living.”

Let’s look at the book.

I think the chapter headings can vital to an understanding of what Wells is arguing:

The End Closes In Upon Mind
Mind is Retrospective to the End
There is No “Pattern of Things to Come”
Recent Realisations of the Nature of Life
Race Suicide by Gigantism
Precocious Maturity, A Method of Survival
The Antagonism of Age and Youth
New Light on the Record of the Rocks

Here is the pattern of Wells’ discussion. Self-conscious life is facing conditions which will end it, but thought will look back to past patterns till the end because there is no pattern in the chaos of the future. So Wells himself looks back to the past through the lens of evolutionary biology and presents some patterns he sees, including a tendency to large body size, except in the case of humans who have evolved through a process of progressive infantilization. Just as humanity has survived by evolving a permanent arrested physical development, it is necessary that Mind remain vibrantly youthful if there is to be a future for life.

Throughout the book, Wells is frustratingly vague about the threats to Life he sees and use deceptive terms to describe exactly what he thinks is in danger.  Just as there may be a tendency to read the title as A Mind at the End of its Tether, it is easy to misunderstand Wells’ talk of “our universe” ending rather than “the Universe”: at one point he writes “our ‘universe’” and at another it is “Our universe”.  Wells is decidedly not talking about a rolling up of the firmament and God wandering off to start anew.   At most he is anticipating a nuclear sterilization of the planet. At least he is talking about a restructuring of human society and intellect into something his generation of old men would no longer recognize as human.

Now, in more detail:

Chapter One is partly a description of the Mind of Wells’ time, of the intellectual approach to existence that Wells sees in the common folk (keep calm and carry on) and in the educated classes (keep calm and carry on).  Wells describes what his own attitude has been:

The habitual interest in his life is critical anticipation. Of everything he asks: “To what will this lead?” And it was natural for him to assume that there was a limit set to change, that new things and events would appear, but that the would appear consistently, preserving the natural sequence of life.  So that in the present vast confusion of our world, there was always the assumption of an ultimate restoration of rationality, an adaptation and a resumption.  It was merely a question, the fascinating question, of what forms the new rational phase would assume . . .

But Wells has come to the conclusion that there has come a complete breakdown in predictability, perhaps an anticipation of Chaos Theory, and he seems to be anticipating Toffler’s Future Shock in his description of the trauma of a world in which “everything was driving anyhow to anywhere at a steadily increasing velocity.”  And his description of his mid-twentieth century world is remarkable:

Distance had been abolished, events had become practically simultaneous throughout the planet . . .

If 1945 appeared to be at Tether’s End, what would Wells have done if confronted with the world today?

Although Wells has stated that prediction is no longer possible, he predicts that

the normal multitude, which will carry on in this every contracting NOW of our daily lives — quite unawake to what it is that is making so much of our existence distressful and evasive and intensifying our need for mutual comfort and redeeming acts of kindliness.

and

We pass into the harsh glare of hitherto incredible novelty.

Welcome to the 21st Century, Mr Wells!

What I find troubling about Chapter One is Wells’ introduction of what he calls “The Antagonist”, some sort of almost-almost personal force which is Hell-bent on destroying life.  I have trouble reconciling Wells’ seeing acceptance that the world is purposeless and virtually lacking in causality with what seems a wholly unnecessary hypothesis of an Enemy of humanity.  He is vague to the point of meaninglessness about the nature of the Antagonist.  Is the Antagonist simply entropy?  Wells’ frequent references to radioactivity — they appear in almost every chapter — makes me wonder if the Atomic Bombs dropped on Japan just a few months earlier are not the root of Wells dread.  Or is the Antagonist something about human nature, a race-suicidal imperative which nuclear fission could only exacerbate?  I don’t know, but I don’t understand why Wells felt it necessary to personify this “force” as “The Antagonist”.

The brief second Chapter is simply a condemnation of religion as a usually malicious fiction but also a necessary anodyne for the common person in the face of the futility of life:  the priests help the people keep calm and carry on until they die.

Chapter III is probably the one that causes people to judge Wells a pessimist:

After all the present writer has no compelling argument to convince the reader that he should not be cruel or mean or cowardly.  Such things are also in his own make-up in a large measure, but none the less he hates and fights against them with all his strength.  We would rather our species ended its story in dignity, kindliness and generosity, and not like drunken cowards in a daze or poisoned rats in a sack.  But this is a matter of individual predilection for everyone to decide for himself.

In Chapter IV Wells looks at evolutionary theory as it stood in his time and then applies it to humanity and the problem he sees coming.  Wells suggests that within his lifetime there has been a huge change in the relations of the sexes in Britain, a hint that evolution continues in humans.  And then, he suggests that the sorts of forces which bring about these relationship changes “may play incalculable parts in the production of a new humanity” capable of adapting to the new world.  A hint of a sort of absent-minded eugenics as the future hope.

In Chapter V Wells suggests that the first law of Life is “the imperative to aggression” which leads to large body size.  As I understand modern evolutionary theory — and the comparative numerical and biomass success of, for example, whales and beetles — Wells is beyond wrong in this detail (as he is on the diet of basking sharks).  But Wells is correct in his main point in the chapter: species rise and fall, usually to be replaced by other species but sometimes a species rebounds from an evolutionary bottle-neck.  Again, Wells is closing on a hopeful note.

In the title of Chapter VI, “Precocious Maturity, a Method of Survival”, and in the Chapter itself, Wells makes clear the basis of his hope for the future:

time after time Nature has cut out an adult form from the record altogether, abolished it, and made some larval stage the sexually mature form.

Wells is arguing that the future must be made by the young in youth, and as he closes the next chapter, he states such explicitly:  “The young are life, and there is no hope but in them.”  Is this pessimism?  I think not!

Wells’ final Chapter brings the suggestion that a small minority of highly adaptable individuals will survive the coming “end”.  Wells recaps human evolution, pointing out the progressive infantilization which must continue into any viable future and then concludes with his convoluted affirmation of his own hope for the future.

Certainly Mind at the End of Its Tether is uneven and at times frustratingly vague.  But I cannot call it disjointed — there is a very strong coherence in Wells’ discussion. And there is nothing pessimistic in the little book!  This is the final testament of a man who has seen his world very nearly destroyed in two world wars, of a man who has seen his life long work of building peace repeatedly dashed — this is the final testament of a man in a time of vanishingly little hope who stands up and points to a young couple daring to begin a life together and announces “There are the new Lords of Creation!”

And, you know what? Those young people Wells passed the torch to are our parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.  We’ve made it through the End Wells expected.  We are the New Humanity, navigating a world more complicated, chaotic and terrifying than Wells could have imagined or handled.   We navigate that world with all Humanity’s knowledge at our fingertips, in our back pockets. We chat instantly with a friend on the other side of the world, with people living off the planet, for goodness sake.  We are the Shape of Things to Come.

Let’s try to keep up the “mutual comfort and redeeming acts of kindliness”.

An #IdleNoMore Reading List (sort of)

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One Shelf Full

Some time ago Lise Frigault suggested to me on Twitter that I put together an #IdleNoMore reading list.  What follows I think is decidedly not exactly what she suggested. Rather, the following is a sparsely annotated bibliography of some of the things I’ve read over the years which have shaped my thinking on Aboriginal/Newcomer relations, on Canadian Constitutional and political matters and on the necessary way forward for all of us.

First, some online documents

The Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763

The Durham Report, 1839

The Gradual Civilization Act, 1857 

The British North America Act, 1867

The Indian Act

Some Excerpts from the Bryce Report on conditions in Residential Schools, 1907

The White Paper, 1969

Citizens Plus (The Red Paper), 1970

Royal Commission Report on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996

Bill C-45, 2012

The Interim Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (pdf)

They Came for the Children narratives from the Residential School Experience (pdf)

Books on my shelf

I’m a bit of a book-hoarder. I keep my books. I don’t have much interest in e-books.  I always have a real book in my pocket. I have a lot of books.  Many of them bear directly on Canadian History and on First Nations issues.  As I grow older and read more, however, I find that everything is tied together.  This list could have been very long — I can see justification in including James’ Varieties of Religious Experience, for example, but I won’t. I’ve tried to winnow the list down severely.

User-friendly volumes

An interesting introduction is the Chronicles of Canada Series, which was published a century ago. I’m fortunate to have a nice first edition of the thirty-two volume set, but all volumes seem to be available online at various places.   The first volume, The Dawn of Canadian History: A Chronicle of Aboriginal Canada is by Stephen Leacock, and is far more sensitive than one might expect of the time.  A number of other volumes are also devoted to First Nations leaders and their roles in our shared history.  The series was written for young readers: they are brief but densly packed with information. Definitely worth a look both for stong information and as a window into historical attitudes a hundred years ago.

A modern version of something similar to the Chronicles of Canada is John Ralston Saul’s fascinating collection of biographies, Extraordinary Canadians. The biographies of Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont by Joseph Boyden and that of Big Bear by Rudy Wiebe are of particular relevence to the current subject, but making ones way through the entire collection would not be a wasted effort.  The volumes are very readable.  I would wish a set were in every High School library in the country.

A Big Influence

The American Empire and the Fourth World by Anthony J. Hall is a sweeping analysis of the legal/constitutional history of European/First Nations relations.  Professor Hall’s analysis has been a big influence on my thinking.

The Northwest Rebellion

One of the most user-friendly volumes on this list has to be Chester Brown’s Louis Riel, a massive graphic-novel biography of the Métis leader and Father of Confederation.

Loyal to Death: Indians and the Northwest Rebellion by Blair Stonechild and Bill Waiser makes very clear that the First Nations never had any desire to be involved in the Metis Northwest Rebellion and indeed, desperately remained loyal to their treaties and the Crown.

Hugh Dempsey’s Crowfoot, a biography of the great Blackfoot leader, is one of so many of Dempsey’s vast output of Western Canadian history volumes directed at a popular audience.

Two fundamental works

The Fourth World by George Manuel and Michael Posluns
The Unjust Society by Harold Cardinal

Two interesting companion volumes about the Stoney Nation in Southern Alberta

These Mountains are our Sacred Places by Chief John Snow of the Stoney Nation
Bad Medicine by Judge John Reilly.

 

Contrasting takes on Canada, it’s nature, and it’s future

Lament for a Nation George Grant
The Truth About Canada Mel Hurtig
Unlikely Utopia Michael Adams
Becoming Canada Ken Dryden
A Fair Country John Ralston Saul
Navigating a New World Lloyd Axworthy
Polar Imperative Shelagh D. Grant
Unfinished Business: Aboriginal Peoples and the 1983 Constitutional Conference  Norman K. Zlotkin
How Canadians Govern Themselves Eugene A. Forsey
The Inconvenient Indian Thomas King
Hidden in Plain Sight Ed. David R. Newhouse, cora J. Voyageur, etc. is a handy tonic to the tired racist suggestion that aboriginal people are lazy do-nothings and letters to the editor of newspapers in Nanaimo.

From the other non-U.S. part of the Western Hemisphere

The Labyrinth of Solitude Octavio Paz
Open Veins of Latin America Eduardo Galeano
Do the Americas Have a Common History? ed. Lewis Hanke
Our Word is our Weapon Subcommandante Marcos

White people going native in Canada and Namibia

The Sheltering Desert Henno Martin
Maps and Dreams Hugh Brody
The Other Side of Eden Hugh Brody

Microcosm reflecting Macrocosm where the Thomson meets the Fraser

The Western Avernus by Morley Roberts
Archdeacon on Horseback by Cyril E. H. Williams & Pixie McGeachie
Where the Blood Mixes by Kevin Loring

Poetry and near-poetry

Tobacco Wars by Paul Seesequasis
Assiniboia by Tim Lilburn A disturbing poetic alternative vision of Canada.
kiyâm by Naomi McIlwraith A fascinating bilingual collection of meditative poems.
Louis: The Heretic Poems by Gregory Scofield

Contact and post-contact history, ethnology, etc.

The Conquest of Paradise Kirkpatrick Sale The classic revisionist study of Columbus’ legacy.
Time Among the Maya Ronald Wright
Stolen Continents Ronald Wright
The History of the Conquest of Mexico William H. Prescott  Prescott’s history first gave me the realization that, contrary to many conceptions, the Aztecs and the Spaniards were technologically almost an even match and that the Spanish Conquest was only successful by the skin of Spanish teeth and with the vital and massive aid of military alliances with other native nations.
The History of the Conquest of Peru William H. Prescott
The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico Miguel Leon-Portilla
The Conquest of Mexico Hugh Thomas
La Capital Jonathan Kandell An epic history of Mexico City
Time Among the Highland Maya Barbara Tedlock
Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala W. George Lovell
All of Linda Schele’s books about the Maya
The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca An amazing narrative of first contact.
The Defeat of John Hawkins Rayner Unwin A modern telling of early British contact with the New World.
The Relation of David Ingram Richard Hakluyt Another amazing narrative of first contact.
Any of Chomsky’s political pieces (he just keeps hammering at the same ideas)

Fiction

Midnight Sweatlodge by Waubgeshig Rice
Indian Horse Richard Wagamese
Green Grass, Running Water Thomas King
Three Day Road Joseph Boyden
Porcupines and China Dolls by Robert Arthur Alexie
Beautiful Losers Leonard Cohen
Elle Douglas Glover
Volkswagen Blues Jacques Poulin
Wacousta Major John Richardson

Local History Alberta and Edmonton

Walking in the Woods: A Métis Journey by Herb Belcourt
Castles to Forts: A True History of Edmonton Philip R. coutu
Fort de Prairies Brock Silversides
The Place of Bows and The Battle for Banff E. J. Hart
Stoney History Notes Chief John Chiniki
Head-Smashed-In: 5500 Years of Bison Jumping in the Alberta Plains Brian O. K. Reeves
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Gordon Reid
Aboriginal Cultures in Alberta Five Hundred Generations  Susan Berry and Jack Brink
Medicine Wheels on the Northern Plains John H. Brumley

Some Classic pieces of European literature which are relevant

The Tempest William Shakespeare Later interpretations of Caliban have been important in discussions of colonialism.
The Aeneid Virgil perhaps Western Literature’s earliest poetic description of colonialism in action.
Candide Voltaire some fanciful descriptions of New World societies
Gargantua and Pantagruel Rabelais more fanciful descriptions of New World societies.
Gulliver’s Travels Jonathan Swift yet more fanciful descriptions of New World societies.
Some of Montaigne’s Essays more thoughtful consideration of the New World.
Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad The Dark Heart of colonialism in Central Africa.

Still to read:

Ikonze: the Stones of Traditional Knowledge Philip Coutu and Lorraine Hoffman-Mercredi
Earth into Property Anthony J. Hall

I expect that’s enough for a start.

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The Chronicles of Canada (minus the volume I’m reading)

“The Unfinished Child” by Theresa Shea: If ever there were a book club book . . .

Sometimes when discussing books either in writing or at book clubs I am reminded of some seminars in university in which we students shared our writing with each other and then were expected to sit about critically discussing the bits of paper.  Preparation for disertation defences, no doubt. But professors were constantly and obviously annoyed and frustrated by our timidity: “There’s a typo on page 4 . . .”, etc.  While there is at least one typo in The Unfinished Child by Theresa Shea, I have left University far enough behind that I will happily ignore it and move to more substantive issues (few) and praises (many).  But I must be careful to avoid spoilers, as the narrative is quite clever and enthralling, with unexpected and expected meetings.

I’m tempted to suggest that in a nutshell The Unfinished Child is about Motherhood, but, that description is at once too wide and too narrow, and wide and narrow on a few different axes.  The novel specifically confronts motherhood of a child with Down Syndrome, but, in fact, very little time is spent depicting motherhood of such a child beyond pregnancy and birth. There are scenes of Marie and her two “normal” daughters, but the prospect of being a mother (or father) to a growing, developing child with Down’s Syndrome is left to the imagining of the characters and to our own imaginings. The Unfinished Child also touches on other relationships of family and friendship, but motherhood and parenthood in general are at the centre of the discussion — Discussion. It is this discussion that I think is the heart of The Unfinished Child‘s power.

The Unfinished Child is, to my mind, a “discussion novel” like some of my favourite novels of H.G. Wells, an author sadly remembered most for his ripping youthful science fiction novels and his turgid The Shape of Things to Come.  I firmly believe that if people today would read Wells’ late novelettes and non-fiction of disappointment and tethers’ ends the future would look brighter. And if they read discussion novels, novels which like Well’s The Passionate Friends or Ann Veronica, or, yes, Shea’s The Unfinished Child, some very deep and still ignored societal issues would go through a crowd-sourced discussion which might bring a more liveable future of well-examined lives.

Parenthood and Motherhood, along with Marriage (the title of another of Wells’ discussion novels) and Friendship are all near the heart of The Unfinished Child‘s discussion.  But the very heart of the novel is precisely the questions, problems, doubts, pain and, indeed, ignorance surrounding being mother to a child with Down Syndrome, or for that matter, a child with any disability, physical or intellectual.

The title of Shea’s book refers to the antiquated medical idea that a child with Down Syndrome is, for some reason, developmentally arrested at an unfinished state, an understanding shown to be clearly inaccurate by events — one in particular — in The Unfinished Child: Carolyn, the young girl with Down Syndrome, is obviously not arrested in her physical development.

Disclosure 1

As a parent of a now young-adult with both physical and intellectual disabilities, I feared that The Unfinished Child would be a preachy lecture on the wonders and joys of parenting a child with Down Syndrome. (Don’t antice the book!) Over the years, I’ve gotten to know quite a number of young people with Down Syndrome and their parents.  I have seen the entire spectrum of physical, intellectual, and behavioural limitations and challenges that may come with that extra bit of chromosome.  Thankfully, The Unfinished Child is an insightfully sensitive presentation of the difficult, impossible, heart breaking and sometimes rewarding challenges of what most soon-to-be parents never allow themselves to consider.  I am so grateful that Shea left the questions asked but unanswered, the problems presented, but unsolved.  The Unfinished Child is the beginning of the discussion, not a conclusion.

Back to the book. . .

The Unfinished Child moves back and forth between two converging stories, in a way somewhat reminiscent of  The Hours by Michael Cunningham. In 1947, Margaret’s water breaks at the end of her first pregnancy.  And, in 2002, Elizabeth, who we soon find out seems to be infertile, and her friend Marie, who is remarkably fecund, meet for dinner on an Edmonton winter evening. And back and forth. We see the warehousing of the disabled in the 40′s, 50′s and 60′s (and beyond?) contrasted with the fertility — and prevention of fertility — technologies of today.  The moral challenges of modern choice contrasted with the horrific disappearances of previous generations of the disabled.

The converging plot is very cleverly constructed and the moment the reader recognizes the connection between past and present (it struck me on page 128) is startling and satisfying. Somehow the convergence is perfectly foreshadowed by the author and yet completely unanticipated by the reader, and so, feels perfectly right when the juncture comes.  On the negative side, toward the end of the book there is another juncture, a meeting, which seemed to me a touch too coincidental — of all the flower shops, in all the towns, in all the world, he walks into mine. But the dissatisfaction with that coincidence quickly fades as the pieces fit so well again.

The closest The Unfinished Child comes to the preaching I dreaded — and it’s not very close — is in the words of an aged Down Syndrome specialist, Dr. Maclean, who, troubled, comments that he wonders whether the modern prevalent choice of parents to terminate Down Syndrome fetuses is not a new eugenics. My honest response to Dr. Maclean is that, of course it is a modern eugenics, but the real ethical dilemma is, despite the eugenic horrors of the 20th Century, where the correct moral course lies between always letting the genetic dice fall where they may, no matter our technological abilities, and, on the other horn, always using our technological abilities to ensure that parenthood is as easy as possible. The Unfinished Child, in the nearly identical agonizing decisions of Margaret and Marie, points out the dark attractiveness of making a problem disappear, and the truth that there is no easy choice.

It is here that the true honesty of Shea’s novel is highlighted: motherhood, parenthood, friendship, relationships of all kinds are hugely messy difficult beasts — why would we expect the prospect of parenting a child with a disability — or any child for that matter — to be a bed of roses, or, to use one of Shea’s most felicitous phrases, “a playground with enough swings for every child”?

In the end, Shea’s characters, Margaret, Elizabeth, Marie and all the others make their choices — with varying degrees of freedom. None of the choices are easy. None are right or wrong. None are made without regret. All are decisions we as a society need to be discussing. And never do the characters or the narrative become bogged down in the discussion: The Unfinished Child, although a discussion novel, never forgets to be a Novel and not just a discussion.

I realize I’ve said little about the actual story, but I truly feel that almost any revelation of plot details beyond the jacket blurb would spoil things. Suffice it to say, Margaret has a baby with Down Syndrome in 1947 and navigates the society of the time in the limited way allowed to her. Marie finds herself pregnant by surprise when almost forty years old and confronts the prospect of parenting a child with Down Syndrome at the beginning of the 21st Century.  And Elizabeth struggles with her own infertility in the face of overwhelming desire and external pressure for motherhood.  And, as the story progresses, the lives of the three women are shown to be intertwined through the tragic figure of Carolyn, Margaret’s daughter.  And, as so often in real life, there is no magical happy ending, only choices made.  And so often the choices made by each generation, despite changing technologies, remain the same.

The Unfinished Child is Theresa Shea’s first novel, but shows little evidence of a fresh(wo)man effort.  Despite a very few brief weak passages, the writing is solid and the characters believable and clearly drawn.  I was, perhaps perversely, annoyed by a pair of botanical errors of no real consequence that I would have hoped an editor should notice. On the whole, The Unfinished Child is a most worthwhile, enjoyable and challenging read. The vitally necessary discussion it must spur is a valuable added gift. I expect a large number of neighbourhood book clubs across the country will have unusually lively, thoughtful and at times sombre discussions in the coming year or two.

Disclosure 2

Theresa Shea has for some years been my neighbour, and, in our neighbourhood, “neighbour” very often quickly comes to mean “friend”, whatever the differences of experience, opinion, or language. So, I confess, the above discussion is about a friend’s first novel.

I do, however, feel comfortable if not in my impartiality, in at least a certain degree of compensatory hypercriticality in my approach.  When discussing The Unfinished Child with others as I read the book, I was often warned that I was being far more severely critical than normal, both in what I was reading and what I expected to come next. (“Don’t antice the book!”)  To conclude: if my hypercriticality had not been overcome by the genuine qualities of The Unfinished Child, I would have simply remained silent about the book.

The Unfinished Child is published by Brindle & Glass and will be available at the beginning of April, 2013.

Oh.  The typo is on page 128.

On “Louis: The Heretic Poems”, by Gregory Scofield

In Louis: The Heretic Poems Gregory Scofield has created a moving and troubling poetic biography of Louis Riel. Combining his own imaginings of Riel’s (and others’) poetic musings — in English, Cree and a little French — with found poetry from such sources as Canadian Government immigration propaganda and House of Commons debate records.  Throughout is a dense net of Biblical allusion, as small portion of which I mention below.  The result is a fascinating portrait of a brilliant man thrust through his life by sensuality and Messianic drive.  Whether a madman or a prophet, the Riel Scofield brings us is wonderfully heretical.

Scofield has divided his cycle of poems into four parts: Le Garçon covers Riel’s life up to the end of his schooling; Le Président deals with his part in the Red River Rebellion and Provisional Government, his exile and his time in the Beauport Assylum; Le Porte-Parole deals in a fascinatingly oblique way with the Northwest Rebellion; and L’Homme d’État takes us through Riel’s last days.

The cycle begins in the voice of Riel’s Chipewyan Great Grandmother Marie Joseph leBlanc reciting a geneology parallel to those that open the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, but the recitation is distinctly oral in texture rather than literary, and the diction while using English vocabulary, has an odd hybrid syntax — the sounds of Marie Joseph’s Dene Suline and French come through to those who heed her repeated injunction to “Open your ears . . .”  From these opening lines, Riel is a Christ figure.

Young Louis Riel then describes the long journey through the U.S. (the Canadian Pacific Railroad was still unbuilt) to school in Montreal before his two “Contrition” poems, “#7″ asking forgiveness in the voice of a budding Messiah and “#3″ singing the emotional torrent of physical love in echoes of the Song of Solomon.  These two forces, Messiahhood and sensuality, will come to be in constant tension through Riel’s life and leadership as related in Scofield’s poems.  In” The Interview” and “Communion with David”, from Riel’s time in Beauport Assylum after the Red River Rebellion, Riel sings Old Testament style Psalms (cf. Psalms 89: 19ff. and 23:5ff.) identifying himself with King David and later, in “Dear Sir, To You I Say”, Riel stands up to Sir John A. MacDonald in Messianic terms, concluding with the ominous statement, again linking Riel to Christ through Matthew 10:34, that

I am only a poor poet
A lamb with a gun.

In contrast to the Messianic passages,  echoes of the Song of Solomon reverberate through, for example, “The Sacrament of Marie-Julie” and “The Confession of Evelina”.  In “I am a Poet”, Riel is at his most sensual, describing himself like a Métis Dionysus (with particular emphasis on his hair and moustache), but in Solomonic images rather than Classical.  And it is in “I am a poet” that the important image of the Orange first appears, here as a gift from Montreal, a city he describes as his lover. And the eating of the orange is described lovingly in parallel to poetic creation:

My mouth ran sweet. My pen
Never ceased. I am a poet.

When the Oranges reappear it is in the Red River Colony: the crate of rotten fruit who are, in fact, English Protestant settlers, Orangemen, who come to divide up Métis land amongst themselves, and who will ultimately cost Riel his life. Here, also in the context of the orange image, Riel recast’s the Lord’s Prayer as his own:

â-haw kisê-manitow
mâmaw-ôhtawîmaw
give us this day our daily oranges;
and forgive them their trespasses,
as we forgive those
who trespass against us;
and lead us not into war
but deliver us from theft.

For the land is our Kingdom,
and the power of our children,
forever and ever,
â-haw!

In contrast to the deep feeling, the deep oral history and geneology and the full blooded physicality of the poems of Riel and Dumont, of Marie Joseph, Evelina and the women of “The Sewing Circle”, the words of the Government in the found poems are cold, the shallow jargon of marketing, the formality of Sir John’s political debate polka, and the drunk, sad misogeny of “Sir John’s Reel”.  The fall of Louis Riel and the Métis Nation becomes clearly a tragedy of Biblical scale in Scofield’s hands, King David is hanged, his general in exile and his people scattered, the women weeping.

Primed by Scofield’s clear echoes of the Psalms and the Song of Solomon, I had open beside me as I read The Heretic Poems Psalm 137:

By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion.
We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof.
For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion.
How shall we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land?
If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning.
If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy.
Remember, O Lord, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who said, Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof.

But the deep tragedy (heresy?) of The Heretic Poems is that the Métis (and other aboriginal nations) are exiles not in a strange land, but in their own.  I, for one, am grateful that poets such as Scofield have found the voice to sing their songs in this, their own land, that they remember, and their tongues do not cleave to the rooves of their mouths, and that their writing hands have not forgot their cunning.  And all, whether rulers in Babylon or just trying to get by, must be grateful that the Old Testament sentiment of the last two verses of Psalm 137 have not been Scooped up by the heirs of Louis and Gabriel, of Big Bear and Poundmaker.

O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us.
Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones.

Louis: The Heretic Poems by Gregory Scofield is published by Nightwood Editions in collaboration with the Gabriel Dumont Institute.

End with a song:

A highly personal and idiosyncratic response to “Where the Blood Mixes” by Kevin Loring

This afternoon I had one of the most powerful theatrical experiences of my life in a converted movie theatre at a matinee performance of Kevin Loring’s Where the Blood Mixes.  This isn’t really a review of the play, the production or the performances.  This is more of a gushing forth of the complicated background of my personal response to a powerful, challenging, painful piece of theatre.

My first encounter with Where the Blood Mixes was reading the play in early April, 2011.  I was reading it because it had won the Governor General’s Literary Award and for some years I’ve made it a point to read as many GG winners as I can lay my hands on.  In that Spring of 2011 I was also immersed in some obscure and not so obscure bits of Fraser Valley history and literature.  I was planning a road trip with my daughter down the Valley to retrace as well as possible the walking journey of British Novelist Morley Roberts in the 1880s, shortly before the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad.  The setting of Loring’s play – Lytton, B.C., where the Thompson and Fraser Rivers meet – was a pleasant surprise, as Lytton was also the jumping off point for one of the most surreal episodes of Roberts’ trek, an episode which I was to learn sends out historical and literary tendrils which deeply inform Loring’s play for me.

Morley Roberts arrived in Lytton after walking away from his temporary employment laying track in the Kicking Horse Pass.  His plan, which he completed, was to walk to the coast, following what would soon be the Canadian Pacific Railway and what would much later become the Trans-Canada Highway.  I’ll skip over the vast majority of Roberts’s adventure.  If you can find a copy of his The Western Avernus, it’s a fascinating travelogue of a large part of Western North America in the 1880s, well worth discovering.  For the purposes of this reflection on Where the Blood Mixes I’ll just talk about Roberts’s walk from Lytton to what is now Boston Bar.

Roberts set out in the morning along the rough path which eventually would become, in large part, Highway 1, hugging the east slope of the Fraser Canyon.  His description are of a sublimely wild and untamed wilderness.  Throughout this section of his narrative, one has the distinct impression that he is travelling in a sort of mystic solitude.  As I read it I was put in mind of parts of Basho’s Narrow Road into the Deep North (Oku no Hosomichi).  Roberts seems to be stumbling along in a timeless and endless primeval forest, forgetting himself whatever reason he might have come here or any goal he may have once had in mind.

But suddenly, Roberts is on the front porch of a nicely kept hotel!  Inside he finds that the house is kept by a clergyman and his assistant with the help of what Roberts describes as “a boy”.  Roberts spends the late afternoon and evening teaching the threesome how to make bread, enjoys a dinner with the two men, and then retires to the drawing room for cigars, fine liquor and a discussion of Latin poetry.  Then, fed, watered, intellectually stimulated, and rested, Roberts bids farewell to the hotel in the woods and walks off into the gather night.  In the utter darkness Roberts finally stumbles into a stopping house at Boston Bar.  The rest of his journey has none of the strangeness of that walk south from Lytton.

In fact, the “Hotel”  was Forty Mile House, now long disappeared, one of the many stopping houses left over from the Caribou Gold Rush.  After a good deal of research, I learned that the clergyman Roberts encountered was Richard Small, the head of the Anglican Mission at Lytton and the subject of a hagiographic little biography called Archdeacon on Horseback. Forty Mile House had recently been taken over by the Mission as a resting place on the Archdeacon’s circuit of his charges over the surrounding area.  Small was also responsible for the establishment of St. George’s Residential School, an act for which he is much praised by the authors of Archdeacon on Horseback.  What a wonderful gift he brought to the poor benighted native children!  Frankly, I gag when I read Archdeacon on Horseback.  St. George’s is the dark evil in the background of Where the Blood Mixes.  As Loring writes in his afterword, when the Band finally got control of the Residential School, they immediately tore it down it was such a painful wound on their community.

Another tendril, this one literary, runs from Roberts’ strange journey through Ethel Wilson’s great Canadian novel Swamp Angel.  Wilson’s protagonist, Maggie, leaves here marriage and flees by bus to Lytton from the south, the opposite direction from Roberts.  And her journey through the area is also a little surreal.  As she travels north, Maggie notices very carefully the changes in the landscape, a landscape eerily devoid of humanity.  But suddenly she sees an old overgrown cemetery with three decaying crosses in it.  When investigating the area on our road trip, at first I thought Wilson might have been describing the recently renovated Lytton Cemetery, but her description seemed to place the three crosses farther from the town.  As my daughter and I drove south, suddenly a small cemetery flashed past us.  At the first opportunity I returned to take a few photos.  I’d been keeping careful note of our odometer reading and later was able to work out that this cemetery, the one most likely described by Maggie in Wilson’s novel, is very near to the location of Forty Mile House, where Roberts spent his nice evening with the founder of the Residential School which is the reason for the generational agony in Where the Blood Mixes.

Do all these details surrounding Forty Mile House have any meaning or, indeed, anything to do with the play? I don’t know about for anyone else, but they add a new, personal depth to the play for me. For me. This is a highly personal (and idiosyncratic) response.

Earlier, as my daughter and I were approaching Lytton from the east, I noticed two aboriginal gentlemen climbing up over the grey boulders from the direction of the Thompson River bank, and I couldn’t help but think with fondness “they could be Floyd and Mooch!”  And it is here that I will come to the production I saw this afternoon.

I found the set to be brilliant.  Not minimalist but efficient.  Everything is of the river: the grey stones such as I noticed “Floyd and Mooch” climbing over as we approached Lytton; the riverworn logs which serve as bridge and bar; the crushed oil drum and old tire, the detritus of the Shum’mas, and the bit of railroad that brought the Shum’mas to the Place in the Heart Where the Blood Mixes.  The stage is lit before the play starts with a submarine blue: from the moment one enters the theatre, it is clear that this play is about what lies beneath the surface.  The sound design is all water and wind and the sounds of nature with at least one train whistle reminding us whence comes the pain.  And, of course, the skeletal sturgeon and eagle, water and wind,  which preside over the play must be mentioned in their ominousness.

Something that really caught my eye was the subtle detail of George (Robert Benz) mopping the floor as the cast sang Ashe’ Mashe’. The stage directions simply read: “GEORGE mops up the mess of the evening throughout”.  Read, it’s a detail easy to miss.  But in performance, as the five characters sing their individual songs of – of what? Regret? Redemption? Transformation? George’s mopping tells us, whether we know N’laka’pamuxtsn or not, that they each are singing a song of mopping up the mess.

The performances were all impressive.  I found it interesting to watch Lorne Cardinal, whom I remember from his time at the University of Alberta, now the almost-elder Canadian actor he has become.  His Floyd is at the opposite end of the dramatic spectrum from his Davis on Corner Gas.  Cardinal pulls off amazing work with emotionally difficult material.  “Emotionally difficult material” is an absurd understatement: Cardinal has dedicated his performance to his parents, both survivors of the Residential Schools genocide. Years ago I met Cardinal’s late father briefly at a wedding.  It was eerily startling to watch Cardinal fils becoming on stage the damaged man is own father so easily could have become.  For a moment I saw the father on stage, the father who had been peaceful and happy on the one occasion I ever saw him, for a moment I saw that calm man tormented and twisted in the trauma of survival and memory.

Craig Lauzon as Mooch also achieves the transition from the comic to the tragic between the beginning and end of the play with painful conviction.  There was just one brief moment near the beginning where I thought Lauzon might have zoned out and just recited a line or two rather than being Mooch, but then, maybe I zoned out.  Sera-Lys McArthur as Christine (and Anna) was beautifully ethereal in the dream sequences and beautifully urban in the real world. Her solo singing was dreamy and her “spoken word artist” Christine stuck in the Lytton Hotel bar was spot on.  Michaela Washburn as June was suitably terrifying in rage and achingly tender in vulnerability.  And Robert Benz as the Shum’ma barkeep, George was perfect as the jolly friend to all these damaged characters – as long as they kept their damage out of his bar unless it was being drowned.

But it feels a little stupid to be talking about the quality of the performances: I can’t imagine acting this painful material a single time, let alone night after night. This cast not only gets through it, they make it look, if not easy — it could never be easy — absolutely real.  That in itself is a theatrical miracle.

The facts of the Residential Schools catastrophe must be made known to all Canadians, of that I am firmly convinced.  Where the Blood Mixes in a production such as the one I saw this afternoon, makes the experience of the Residential Schools catastrophe just almost tangible to a Shum’ma like me.  And that touch is terrifying and unforgettable.

See Where the Blood Mixes. And buy the play: it’s published by Talon Books. And lobby your local school board to have it placed on the English curriculum in high school.  And the Social Studies curriculum.

Where the Blood Mixes by Kevin Loring is being presented by Theatre Network at the Roxy Theatre until March 3, 2013.

Please see it, for the children who were taken, and that none will ever be taken again.

A Brief Appreciation of “Tobacco Wars” by Paul Seesequasis

While Tobacco Wars is labelled a novella, a literary work this dense with symbol and allusion truly belongs in the poetry section. In the one hundred thirteen pages of Tobacco Wars, Paul Seesequasis takes us on a truly Rabelaisian journey through history and myth, reforming the biographies of Pocahontas, Ben Jonson and, indeed, the history of relations between Old World and New.  Tobacco Wars strongly echoes and remakes, Gargantua and Pantagruel, Candide and even  The Tempest by means of the forces of Cree mythic storytelling.  In the end, the centuries of conflict and misunderstanding between aboriginal nations and colonizers are massaged and reshaped and, to my mind, a new start is offered.

When I contemplate Tobacco Wars, I think of the simile at the beginning of Chapter 42 of Book III of Gargantua and Pantagruel:

Un procès, a sa naissance première, me semble, comme à vous aultres, Messieurs, informe & imperfaict. Comme un Ours naissant n’a pieds, ne mains, peau, poil, ne teste: ce n’est qu’une pièce de chair, rude & informe. L’ourse, à force de leicher, la mect en perfection des membres. . . (I use Louis Moland’s edition from the first volume of Œuvres de Rabelais, p. 439, in the Classiques Garnier series, Paris, 1950.)

“A suit in law at its production, birth, and first beginning, seemeth to me, as unto your other worships, shapeless, without form or fashion, incomplete, ugly and imperfect, even as a bear at his first coming into the world hath neither hands, skin, hair, nor head, but is merely an inform, rude, and ill-favoured piece and lump of flesh, and would remain still so, if his dam, out of the abundance of her affection to her hopeful cub, did not with much licking put his members into that figure and shape which nature had provided for those of an arctic and ursinal kind . . .” (I quote here Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty’s 1693 translation because it is Burns Night, 2013 as I write this, because Robbie Burns’ favourite whisky, the lamented Ferintosh, was from the Black Isle, and because I have genealogical connection to and fond youthful memories of the Black Isle. Sir Thomas was a young contemporary of Pocahontas and Ben Jonson.)

“A lawsuit, when newly born, seems to me, as it does to you other gentlemen, shapeless and imperfect, even as a bear at birth has neither feet, paws, skin, fur, nor head, but is merely a lump of raw and formless flesh.  The she-bear, by dint of licking, perfects its limbs . . .” (J.M. Cohen’s translation in the Penguin Classics volume I used in my freshman year for an introductory Comparative Literature class in 1979/80.)

Like the Medieval/Renaissance conception of post-partum bear gestation, Bear Woman, in a vividly and moistly Rabelaisian way, licks the meeting of America and Europe into a creature that has limbs and head and hope for survival beyond the 21st Century, beyond the Eighth Fire of the Anishinaabe.

Tobacco, sacred herb of the New World and addictive carcinogen of the Old, is introduced to the story as seeds brought from South America to Jamestown, Virginia in the pocket of Englishman John Rolfe.  Rolfe has great plans for his “Orinoco” tobacco, plans of a mercantile empire based on his monopoly on the sweet tasting southern leaf.

But Bear Woman, and Seesequasis’ fiction, have other plans for the tobacco, the empire, and Rolfe himself.  Unlike the history we know Rolfe dies on a voyage home to England (he actually lived to a ripe, for the time, old age in Virginia).  His native wife, Pocahontas, has a wonderful time in London Society before returning home to run the business her husband didn’t have the chance to build (in face, she died at Gravesend, cutting short her voyage home to Virginia). Meanwhile, Bear Woman convinces Wolverine, an addictive fellow, to try out Rolfe’s Orinoco. The mythical little predator goes into business for himself with a chain of smoke-shops, finding an uncomfortable, and uncomfortably funny use for the skin of Jesuits.

Through much of the poem/novella Ben Jonson, murderer exculpated by a bit of Latin, playwright successor to Shakespeare, scrambles to find his way through the New World.  This New World is represented first by the unconquerable widow of Rolfe, Pocahontas, and later by the Candidesque upsets of pirates, wilderness and capture by “savages”. But Jonson overcomes all (including Pocahontas’ resistance) and brings off a great triumph: the staging of a great syncretic Masque for the Royal Court, which James I, by Royal Decree (I can’t help but think of another Royal Proclamation) has had removed to America.

At the end of the Masque, Bear addresses him/her self saying:

“Learn to move in time, an all measures meet . . . “

And, indeed, Bear Woman throughout the story is unstuck in time, being at one moment in the forest near Jamestown, at another in a modern city, and always somehow in a mythic non-time. At the end, just before approving the wolf cub, she burrows down, down, below the city and the forest to a primeval and primal stream, and has a snooze.

In his time (in our history) Jonson was known for his masques, many produced with designer Inigo Jones, who also appears in Tobacco Wars.  The masque is a form of drama very foreign to a modern audience.  Modern producers of Shakespeare’s The Tempest are often troubled with what to do with the extended masque in that magical work.  I find Seesequasis’ decision to make the masque so central to Tobacco Wars to be a brilliant stroke:  masque and Cree storytelling are, at best, on the fringes of modern mainstream readers’ consciousness. The reader of Tobacco Wars, like Pocahontas in London or Jonson in the Virginia forest, is thrust into an unfamiliar, extremely challenging and yet potentially extremely rewarding environment.

But Seesequasis does not leave us completely at sea. Very few even mildly literate Canadians would, I hope, have no familiarity with Aboriginal Canadians mythological motifs such as the Trickster, who permeates Tobacco Wars — principally as the fellow who would be better named Trickster Seesequasis. And few non-aboriginal Canadians will be unfamiliar with the European tradition of anthropomorphized animals, from Aesop to The Chronicles of Narnia. What many readers may not remember is that Ben Jonson’s most famous and lauded play, Volpone, is to some degree a tale of animals acting like humans or, if the distinction need be made, humans acting like animals.

One very important point Seesequasis makes in the dense, comic poem that is Tobacco Wars is that the tobacco wars are not necessary. It is native Pocahontas (and Wolverine) who builds the tobacco empire, not the mercantile-minded colonial Englishman. It is Jonson, the formal, mannered composer of masques who tells the just-so animal stories. The trickster Seesequasis shows us that whatever side of the Atlantic our ancestral land lies, “if you tickle us, do we not laugh?”

The meeting of Pocahontas and European men — first John Rolfe and later Ben Jonson begins as a shapeless potential and, over the course of the experiences of time-travelling Bear Woman, of the unnamed woman who mates with the wolf, of the unnamed boy at the Residential School and of all the other mythical and historical characters, the matter is given shape and becomes the hope of a new, shared future, finally represented by the “girl born with the blood of two worlds in her.” This girl is specifically the (fictional) daughter of Pocahontas and Jonson, but there is also the ungendered, mythic human/wolf hybrid baby who closes the poem/novella with the snorting approval of Bear woman.

The hope of sharing is not just the melding of Old and New Worlds, it is the positive unity of natural and human worlds, and very clearly the interwoven coexistence of myth and reality.

Tobacco Wars is published by Quattro Books.